Monroe in the Gentlemen Prefer Blondes film trailer (1953)
Birth name
Norma Jeane Mortenson
Born
June 1, 1926
Los Angeles, California
Died
August 5, 1962, age 36
Los Angeles, California
Height
5` 5 1/2
Other name(s)
Norma Jeane Baker
Official site
Marilyn Monroe
Notable roles
Lorelei Lee
( Gentlemen Prefer Blondes)
The Girl
( The Seven Year Itch)
Ch??rie
( Bus Stop)
Sugar Kane
( Some Like It Hot)
Roslyn Taber
( The Misfits)
Marilyn Monroe ( June 1, 1926 ??? August 5, 1962) was
an American actress, singer and model. After acting in small roles
for several years, she gradually became known for her comedic skills, sex appeal
and screen presence, going on to become one of the most popular movie stars of the
1950s. Revered as a legendary Hollywood star, she is idolized throughout the
world as a silver screen sex goddess. Later in her career, she worked towards serious
roles with a measure of success. However, long-standing problems were exacerbated
by disappointments in both career and personal life during her later years.
Marilyn Monroe Early life
She was born Norma Jeane Mortensonin the charity ward of the Los
Angeles County Hospital. According to biographer Fred Lawrence Guiles, her grandmother,
Della Monroe Grainger, had her baptized Norma Jeane Baker by Aimee Semple McPherson.She obtained an order from the City Court of the State of New York and
legally changed her name to Marilyn Monroe on February 23, 1956.
Her mother, Gladys Pearl Monroe, had returned from Kentucky where her ex-husband
Jasper Baker had kidnapped their children, Robert and Berniece. Some of Monroe`s
biographers portray Jasper as a vicious brute. Berniece Baker Miracle recounted
in My Sister Marilyn that when Robert suffered a series of physical ailments,
Baker refused to seek proper medical attention for him; the boy died in 1933.
Many biographers believe Norma Jeane`s biological father was Charles
Stanley Gifford, a salesman for the RKO studios where Gladys worked as a film-cutter.
Monroe`s birth certificate lists Gladys`s second husband, Norwegian immigrant
Martin Edward Mortenson, as the father. While Mortenson left Gladys before Norma
Jeane`s birth, some biographers think he may have been the father. [4]
In an interview with Lifetime, James Dougherty, her first husband, said
Norma Jeane believed that Gifford was her father. Yet, when asked about her ethnic
heritage, Monroe claimed to have been part Irish, part Scotch and part Norwegian
which can only be true if Mortenson was the father. Whoever he was, he played no
part in Monroe`s life.
Unable to persuade Della to take Norma Jeane, Gladys placed her with foster parents
Albert and Ida Bolender of Hawthorne, where she lived until she was seven. In
her autobiography My Story, Monroe states she thought Albert was a girl.
However, some do not consider My Story trustworthy, as the book was a collaboration
between Monroe and ghost-writer Ben Hecht and it was assumed Monroe was keen
on dramatizing and colouring her past in order to make her public image more vulnerable.
Hecht divulged to his agent: "It is easy to know when she is telling the truth.
The moment a true thing comes out of her mouth, her eyes shed tears. She`s like
her own lie detector." In 2001, the book was reissued and Hecht was
given credit.
Gladys visited Norma Jeane every Saturday. One day, she announced that she had
bought a house. A few months after they had moved in, Gladys suffered a breakdown.
In My Story, Monroe recalls her mother "screaming and laughing" as she was
forcibly removed to the State Hospital in Norwalk. Gladys`s father, Otis, died
in an asylum near San Bernardino from syphilis. According to My Sister
Marilyn, Gladys`s brother, Marion, hanged himself upon his release from
an asylum, and Della`s father did the same in a fit of depression.
Norma Jeane was declared a ward of state and Gladys`s best friend, Grace
McKee (later Goddard) became her guardian. After McKee married in 1935, Norma
Jeane was sent to the Los Angeles Orphans Home (later renamed Hollygrove), and
then to a succession of foster homes.
The Goddards moved to the east and could not take her. Grace Goddard worried
about Norma Jeane having to return to the orphanage, so she spoke to the mother
of James Dougherty. Mrs. Dougherty approached her son, who agreed to take Norma
Jeane out on dates. They married two weeks after she turned 16, so that Norma Jeane
would not have to return to any orphanages or foster care.
Marilyn Monroe Career
Early years
While her husband served in the Merchant Marines during World War II,
Norma Jeane Dougherty moved in with her mother-in-law, and started to work in the
Radioplane Company factory (owned by Hollywood actor Reginald Denny), spraying
airplane parts with fire retardant and inspecting parachutes. Army photographer
David Conover scouted local factories taking photos for a YANK magazine
article about women contributing to the war effort. He saw her potential as a model
and she was soon signed by The Blue Book modelling agency. In his book Finding
Marilyn, Conover claimed the two had an affair that lasted years. Shortly after
signing with the agency Monroe began the eight-month process of having her long,
curly dark blond-light brown hair cut, straightened and lightened to a golden blonde
by hairstylist Sylvia Barnhart, who continued to work on Monroe`s hair until 1953.
She became one of their most successful models, appearing on dozens of magazine
covers. In 1946 she came to the attention of talent scout Ben Lyon. He arranged
a screen test for her with 20th Century Fox. She passed and was offered
a standard six-month contract with a starting salary of $125 per week .
Lyon suggested "Marilyn" (after Marilyn Miller) to be her stage name, since
Norma Jeane wasn`t considered commercial enough. She came up with her mother`s maiden
name "Monroe". Thus the twenty-year old Norma Jeane Baker became "Marilyn Monroe".
During her first half a year at Fox, Monroe was given no work. However, after six
months, Fox renewed her contract and she was given minor appearances in Scudda
Hoo! Scudda Hay! and Dangerous Years, both released in 1947. In Scudda
Hoo!, her part was edited out of the film except for a quick glimpse of her
face when she speaks two words. Fox decided not to renew her contract again. Monroe
returned to modelling and began to network and make contacts in Hollywood.
In 1948, a six-month stint at Columbia Pictures saw her star in Ladies
of the Chorus, but the low-budget musical was not a success and Monroe was
dropped yet again. She then met one of Hollywood`s top agents, Johnny Hyde,
who had Fox re-sign her after MGM had turned her down. Fox Vice-President Darryl
F. Zanuck was not convinced of Monroe`s potential. However, due to Hyde`s persistence,
she gained supporting parts in Fox`s All About Eve and MGM`s The Asphalt
Jungle. Even though the roles were small, movie-goers as well as critics
took notice. Hyde also arranged for her to have plastic surgery on her nose
and chin, adding that to prior-made teeth surgery.
The next two years were filled with inconsequential roles in standard fare such
as We`re Not Married! and Love Nest. However, RKO executives used
her to boost box office potential of the Fritz Lang production Clash
by Night. After the film performed well, Fox employed a similar tactic
and she was cast as the ditzy receptionist in the Cary Grant/ Ginger Rogers
comedy Monkey Business. Critics no longer ignored her, and both films` success
at the box office was partly attributed to Monroe`s growing popularity.
Fox finally gave her a starring role in 1952 with Don`t Bother to Knock,
in which she portrayed a deranged babysitter who attacks the little girl in
her care. It was a cheaply made B-movie, and although the reviews were mixed,
many claimed that it demonstrated Monroe`s ability and confirmed that she was ready
for more leading roles. Her performance in the film has since been noted as one
of the finest of her career by many critics.
Marilyn Monroe Stardom
Marilyn Monroe
Playboy centerfold
appearance
December 1953
Birthplace
Los Angeles, California
Birthdate
June 1, 1926
Measurements
37"C - 23" - 36"
Height
5 ft 5?? in
Weight
118 lb
Preceded by
None
Succeeded by
Margie Harrison
Monroe`s role in the thriller Niagara gave her credibility as
a dramatic actress, but her career would follow a comedy-oriented path.
Monroe proved she could carry a big-budget film when she received star billing
for Niagara in 1953. Movie critics focused on Monroe`s connection with
the camera as much as on the sinister plot. She played the part of an
unbalanced woman of easy virtue who is planning to murder her husband.
Around this time, nude photos of Monroe began to surface, taken by photographer
Tom Kelley when she had been struggling for work. Prints were bought by Hugh Hefner
and in December 1953 appeared in the first edition of Playboy. To the
dismay of Fox, Monroe decided to publicly admit it was indeed her posing in
the pictures. To a journalist asking what she had on during the photoshoot, she
replied: "The radio." When asked what she wore in bed, she famously said: "
Chanel No. 5."
Over the following months, Gentlemen Prefer Blondes and How to
Marry a Millionaire cemented Monroe`s status as an A-list screen actress
and she became one of the world`s biggest movie stars. The lavish Technicolor
comedy films established Monroe`s "dumb blonde" on-screen persona.
In Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, Monroe`s turn as the gold-digging showgirl
Lorelei Lee won her rave reviews , and the scene where she sings Diamonds Are a
Girl`s Best Friend has had an impact on popular culture, inspiring the likes
of Madonna and Kylie Minogue . In the Los Angeles premiere of the
film, Monroe and co-star Jane Russell pressed their foot- and handprints in
the cemented forecourt of Grauman`s Chinese Theatre.
A much parodied scene from Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, one of the
iconic Marilyn Monroe scenes that defined pop culture.
In How to Marry a Millionaire, Monroe was teamed up with Lauren Bacall
and Betty Grable. She played a short-sighted dumb blonde, and even though the
role was stereotypical, critics took note of her comedic timing.
Her next two films, the western River of No Return and the musical
There`s No Business Like Show Business, were not successful. Monroe got
tired of the roles that Zanuck assigned her. After completing work on The Seven
Year Itch in early 1955, she broke her contract and fled Hollywood to study
acting at The Actors Studio in New York. Fox would not accede to her contract
demands and insisted she return to start work on productions she considered inappropriate,
such as The Girl in Pink Tights (which was never filmed), The Girl in
the Red Velvet Swing, and How to Be Very, Very Popular.
A famous scene from the film The Seven Year Itch, in which Monroe`s
character has her dress blown upwards revealing her underwear. This has grown to
become an iconic moment for Monroe. On the left is Tom Ewell. Photograph taken
by Sam Shaw, copyright Sam Shaw
Monroe refused to appear in these films and stayed in New York. As The Seven
Year Itch raced to the top of the box office in the summer of 1955, and
with Fox starlets Jayne Mansfield and Sheree North failing to click with
audiences, Zanuck admitted defeat and Monroe triumphantly returned to Hollywood.
A new contract was drawn up, giving Monroe an approval of the director as well as
the option to act in other studios` projects.
The first film to be made under the contract was Bus Stop, directed
by Joshua Logan. She performed the role of Ch??rie , a saloon bar singer
who falls in love with a cowboy. Monroe deliberately appeared badly made-up and
non-glamorous.
She was nominated for a Golden Globe for the performance and praised by critics.
Bosley Crowther of The New York Times proclaimed: "Hold on to your chairs,
everybody, and get set for a rattling surprise. Marilyn Monroe has finally proved
herself an actress." In his autobiography, Movie Stars, Real People and Me,
Director Joshua Logan said, "I found Marilyn to be one of the great talents of all
time She struck me as being a much brighter person than I had ever imagined, and
I think that was the first time I learned that intelligence and, yes brilliance
have nothing to do with education."
Monroe formed her own production company with friend and photographer Milton
H. Greene. Marilyn Monroe Productions released its first and only film The
Prince and the Showgirl in 1957 to mixed reviews. Along with executive-producing
the film, she starred opposite the acclaimed British actor Laurence Olivier,
who directed it.
Olivier got furious at her habit of being late to the set, as well as her dependency
on her drama coach, Paula Strasberg. While Monroe`s reputation in the film industry
for being difficult grew, her performance was hailed by critics, especially in Europe,
where she was handed the David di Donatello, the Italian equivalent of the Academy
Award, as well as the French Crystal Star Award. She was also nominated for
the British BAFTA award.
Later years
In 1959 she scored the biggest hit of her career starring alongside Tony Curtis
and Jack Lemmon in Billy Wilder`s comedy Some Like It Hot. After
shooting finished, Wilder publicly blasted Monroe for her difficult on-set behavior.
Soon, however, Wilder`s attitude softened, and he hailed her a great comedienne.
Some Like It Hot is consistently rated as one of the best films ever made.
Monroe`s performance earned her a Golden Globe for best actress in musical or
comedy. The New York Times proclaimed Monroe a "talented comedienne."
Screen tests for Something`s Got To Give, Monroe`s last picture.
It quickly descended into a costly debacle for Fox and was never completed.
After Some Like It Hot, Monroe shot Let`s Make Love directed
by George Cukor and co-starring Yves Montand. Monroe, Montand and Cukor
all considered the script subpar, yet Monroe was forced to shoot the picture because
of her obligations to Twentieth Century-Fox. While the film was not a commercial
or critical success, it included one of Monroe`s legendary musical numbers, Cole
Porter`s "My Heart Belongs to Daddy".
Arthur Miller wrote what became her and her co-star Clark Gable`s last
completed film, The Misfits. The exhausting shoot took place in the hot
Nevada desert. Monroe`s tardiness became chronic and the shoot was troublesome.
Despite this, Monroe, Gable and Montgomery Clift delivered performances that
are considered excellent by contemporary movie critics. Monroe became friends with
Clift, with whom she felt a deep connection. Some blamed Gable`s death of a heart
attack on Monroe, claiming she had given him a hard time on the set. Gable,
however, insisted on doing his own stunts and was a heavy smoker. After Gable`s
death, Monroe attended the baptism of his son.
Some of the most famous photographs of her were taken by Douglas Kirkland
in 1961 as a feature for the 25th anniversary issue of LOOK magazine.
Monroe returned to Hollywood to resume filming on the George Cukor comedy
Something`s Got to Give, a never-finished film that has become legendary
for problems on the set. In May 1962, she made her last significant public appearance,
singing Happy Birthday, Mr. President at a televised birthday party for
President John F. Kennedy. After shooting what was claimed to have been
the first ever nude scene by a major motion picture actress, Monroe`s attendance
on the set became even more erratic. On June 1, her thirty-sixth birthday, she attended
a charity event at Dodger Stadium.
Happy Birthday, Mr. President May 1962
Already in a financial strain due to production costs of Cleopatra, starring
Elizabeth Taylor, Fox dropped Monroe from the film and replaced her with Lee
Remick. However, co-star Dean Martin was unwilling to work with anyone else
but Monroe. She was rehired.
Monroe conducted a lengthy interview with Life Magazine, in which she expressed
how bitter she was about Hollywood labeling her as a dumb blonde and how much she
loved her audience. [6] She also did a photo shoot for Vogue, and
began discussing a future film project with Gene Kelly and Frank Sinatra,
as stated in the Donald Spoto biography. Furthermore, she was planning to star in
a biopic as Jean Harlow. Other projects being considered for her were What
a Way to Go! and a musical version of A Tree Grows In Brooklyn.
Before the shooting of Something`s Got to Give resumed, Monroe was found
dead in her Los Angeles home, on the morning of August 5, 1962. She remains
one of the 20th century`s most legendary public figures and archetypal Hollywood
movie stars.